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During a Pap smear, the cervix is the part of the female anatomy that is specifically examined. The procedure involves collecting cells from the surface of the cervix, which is the lower part of the uterus that opens into the vagina. The primary purpose of this test is to detect any abnormalities in cervical cells that could indicate the presence of cervical cancer or precancerous conditions. By focusing on the cervix, the Pap smear plays a critical role in preventive health care, helping to identify changes early on so that they can be monitored or treated appropriately.

In contrast, while the uterus is involved in the reproductive process, it is not the site examined during a Pap smear. The vagina is also not directly assessed through the test, though it serves as the conduit for the sample collection. Ovaries, which are responsible for producing eggs, are not involved in the Pap smear procedure at all. Therefore, the correct focus on the cervix for a Pap smear is essential for women's health.